Looking at it more I think removing the file sorts is the main problem. There is no need to group or concat the data until the outermost query. I would be skeptical and have to test though whether you would be getting a significant performance boost using subqueries w/ inner joins or just join all the tables with left outer. Particularly when it comes to MySQL.
SELECT
u.*
,GROUP_CONCAT(DISTINCT ujt.job_type SEPARATOR ' ')
,GROUP_CONCAT(DISTINCT ui.industry SEPARATOR ' ')
FROM
users u
LEFT OUTER
JOIN
(SELECT
ujt.user_id
,jt.job_type
FROM
users_job_types ujt
INNER
JOIN
job_types jt
ON
ujt.job_type_id = jt.id) ujt
ON
u.id = ujt.user_id
LEFT OUTER
JOIN
(SELECT
ui.user_id
,i.industry
FROM
users_industries ui
INNER
JOIN
industries i
ON
ui.industry_id = i.id) ui
ON
u.id = ui.user_id
WHERE
u.status = 1
AND
u.cv_hide = 0
GROUP
BY
u.id
ORDER
BY
u.cv_date DESC