JavaScript only has very basic methods available on the Date() object. It is possible to create an extended version of the date object that adds the more advanced functionality. For example http://javascriptexample.net/dollarD.php
That extended date object includes a format() method so that your code
could (assuming you created $utc as an object based on that extended date one) be written in JavaScript as
$utc.format('Y-m-d H:i:s');
I have not looked into the possibility of adding equivalents to those other PHP date processes but presumably they would also be possible.